金屬從何而來? 很好, 它們通常來自礦石. 什麼是礦石? 它們是天然岩石 (或沉積物) 含有一種或多種有價值的礦物質——這些礦物質含有金屬. 金屬, 然後, 通常是從地殼中挖出來的 (開采的), 然後處理並出售以獲取利潤. 什麼是一些關鍵金屬, 作為例子? That’d be aluminum, silver and copper, 對於初學者.
純金屬
Pure metals can later be improved by mixing them with other metals to make alloys. What are alloys? They’re a mixture of chemical elements, with at least one of which is a metal. What are some key alloys, 作為例子? That’d be steel, brass, pewter and bronze, 對於初學者. Alloys can be used in a wide variety of applications– you’d find them in things like surgical tools, automobiles, airplanes and buildings.
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals
Now back to metals– there are ferrous ones (which have iron in them) and non-ferrous ones (which don’t have iron in them). 長, long ago, several thousand years ago in fact, humans first started using metals to make things when they figured out how to get copper from its ore– turning it into bronze (a harder alloy) thanks to the addition of tin. The other major development was when humans discovered iron, which then mixed with carbon to create the very useful alloy we know as steel.
When metals are mined from ore-bearing rock, they have to be extracted and refined, which can be done using modern technology like electrolytic processes and/or hot furnaces. Keep in mind that it may take the mining of a lot of rocks to get a lot of metals– concentrations of minerals within rocks are often quite low. Impurities get filtered away. Perhaps electric current is used to break certain strong chemical bonds. There’s a lot that goes into the whole process.
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