Ħafnju

Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery, ductile metal generally similar to zirconium. Good corrosion resistance and high strength. Tirreżisti l-korrużjoni minħabba l-formazzjoni ta 'sustanza iebsa, film ta 'ossidu impenetrabbli fuq il-wiċċ tiegħu. The metal is unaffected by alkalis and acids, għajr l-aċidu idrofluworiku. Hafnium huwa diffiċli biex tifred iż-żirkonju, minħabba li ż-żewġ elementi għandhom atomi li għandhom l-istess daqs. Hafnium u l-ligi tiegħu jintużaw għal vireg tal-kontroll f'reatturi nukleari u sottomarini nukleari minħabba li l-hafnium huwa eċċellenti biex jassorbi n-newtroni u għandu punt ta 'tidwib għoli ħafna u huwa reżistenti għall-korrużjoni. Jintuża f'ligi u ċeramika ta 'temperatura għolja, peress li wħud mill-komposti tiegħu huma refrattarji ħafna: ma jdubux ħlief taħt l-iktar temperaturi estremi.

Ħafnju (simbolu atomiku: Hf, numru atomiku: 72) huwa Blokk D, Grupp 4, Perjodu 6 element b'piż atomiku ta' 178.49. The number of electrons in each of Hafnium’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2. The hafnium atom has a radius of 159 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 212 pm. Hafnium was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869 but it was not until 1922 that it was first isolated Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy.

In its elemental form, hafnium has a lustrous silvery-gray appearance. Hafnium does not exist as a free element in nature. It is found in zirconium compounds such as zircon. Hafnium is often a component of superalloys and circuits used in semiconductor device fabrication. Its name is derived from the Latin word Hafnia, meaning Copenhagen, where it was discovered. Id-dejta ta’ hawn fuq hija għal skopijiet ta’ informazzjoni biss. Eagle Alloys mhix responsabbli għall-eżattezza ta 'dawn il-kontenut jew applikazzjonijiet. Tpinġijiet tal-partijiet lesti jistgħu jintbagħtu lil parti terza għall-esternalizzazzjoni.